Wednesday, September 5, 2007

Moroccan Cement tiles









For more info visit our website at: http://www.sainttropezstone.com/or visit our exquisite showroom at :25 evelyn way, San Francisco, California 94127 Phone: (415) 513-5920



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Handmade Encaustic Cement Tiles






















Saint Tropez Boutique is one of the largest distributor of fine handcrafted encaustic cement tiles in the USA.


For more info visit our website at: http://www.sainttropezstone.com/

or visit our exquisite showroom at :
25 evelyn way, San Francisco, California 94127
Phone: (415) 513-5920

Encaustic Cement Tiles:
In the mid-19th century, a revolutionary technique was discovered to mass produce tiles without the need for firing to harden them. This new technique involved the use of a hydraulic press and mould to apply a multi-colored pattern. The great advantage of this method was that the tiles could be manufactured in one go. This in contrast to the traditional technique to produce ceramic tiles that involved the application of each color separately and repeated firing –a labor-intensive and time consuming practice.’ Hydraulic tiles’ were simply left to dry for some weeks after pressing.
Hydraulic tiles are 2cm thick and consist of three layers. The top layers is decorated surface, about 4mm thick made from a mixture of white Portland cement, marble powder, fine sand and mineral base pigments. For each color, the pigments were blended with water and placed in the corresponding section of a mould. The second layer, the intermediate layer, is about the same thickness as the top layer and made of a mixture of grey Portland and fine sand; its function was to absorb the excess of water from the top layer. The third layer is approximately 12 mm thick and was made of a mixture of grey Portland cement, regular cement, sand and limestone powder; its porosity made it easy for the tiles to adhere to the floor during installation.
The first reference to a manufacturer of this type of tiles is the factory “Butsems Compania” in 1857. At the 1867 Paris Universal Exposition, hydraulic tiles were introduced by Barcelona based Garret, “Rivet Compania”. Later on ,”the company Orsola “, “Sola y compania “ was established, which made this type of tiles popular in Barcelona. Thanks to its modern machinery and capacity for mass production.
Another prominent manufacturer is Escofet, “ Fortuny i compania”, founded in 1886, which was soon noted for its innovative, Art Nouveau-style designs, and whose rapid expansion throughout Spain and Latin America contributed to making this type of flooring so popular.
The popularity of hydraulic tiles fortuitously coincided with the rise of Modernismo, the local version of Art Nouveau; innovative, bold designs were created that would have been unthinkable I other periods. Many factories had specialized draughtsmen on staff, and occasionally commissioned prominent artists to design tiles.
A wide variety of designs elements were employed: geometrical shapes, stylized floral, vegetal and other organic motifs, and on rare occasions, animals or human figures. The most widely used colors were shades of: maroon, green, pink, yellow, brown, cream, grey, white and black, although other colors such as red, blue, orange and even purple can be found. The tiles were made in variety of sizes and shapes; the most common is squares measuring 20x20 cm and hexagons with each side measuring 11.5 cm.
The designs devised to create a flooring pattern using hydraulic tiles often bear some similarity to carpet design: a central panel consisting of a repeated pattern, framed by tiles with a length –wise repeating design with matching corner pieces. The design would be complemented by an outer border, made of plain tiles in subtle colors, these elaborated design “carpet” were mainly used in the rooms in the main part of the house, such as the entryway, the living room, dining room, bathroom and patios. In the secondary quarters, designs tended to be simpler.
The construction boom in the 1960’s required buildings materials to be manufactured more economically and hindered the customary focus on quality. Thus, hydraulic tiles gradually stopped being used. As since older buildings have been torn down or remodeled ,many beautiful mosaics have disappeared. So, although still a familiar sight, there is a risk of this elaborated art to vanish. Fortunately, in recent years some construction companies and interior designers have once again shown an interest in hydraulic tiles, viewing it as a beautiful an high-quality alternative to modern industrial products.

Saint Tropez Boutique distribute its encaustic tiles nationwide including :

Houston, dallas,brownsville, harlington,kingsville,corpus christi, laredo, el passo, alice, beeville, texas, george west, crystal city, eagle pass, uvalde, del rio, rocksprings, sanderson, presidio, van horn,pecos, monahans, fort stockton, san marcos, sonora, san angelo, slate tiles, slate flagstone, slate slabs, slate floors, indian slate, honed slate, travertine tiles, travertine slabs, travertine tops, limestone tiles, rustic limestone, antique, fredericksburg, victoria, port laveca, san antonio, austin, waco, midland, Mc Allen, edinburg, wharton, pasadena, houston, brenham, junction, mason, tyler, bryan, college station,odessa, big spring, andrews, seminole, lamesa, brownfield, lubbock, plainview, muleshoe, post, stamford, snyder, abilene, stephenville, ballinger, brownwood, fairfield, freeport, coleman, hillsboro, cleburne, mineral wells,waxahachie, corsicana, palestine, crockett, lufkin, livingston, conroe, the woodlands, temple, texas city, galveston, port arthur, beaumont, jasper, nacogdoches, henderson, marshall, sulphur springs, mont pleasant,terrell, greenville, paris, sherman, Mc Kinney,gainesville, forth worth, denton, graham, vernon, hereford, amarillo, borger, dalhart, dumas, pampa, perryton, shamrock, clarendon, childress, wichita falls, stamford, dallas, lampasas,Sugarland, the woodlands, richmond, victoria, el campo,bellaire, midtown, downtown, uptown, baton rouge, lake charles, lake jackson, lake houston, lake conroe, keama, league city, rosenberg, stanford, new orleans, orlando, miami, new york, chicago, saint paul, minneapolis, seattle, san francisco, oakland, bay area, black soapstone slabs, green soapstone slabs, grey soapstone slabs, soapstone slabs distributor, soapstone slabs fabricator,soap stone slabs, soapstone slabs wholesaler, soapstone slabs dealer, soapstone slabs importer, Brazilian soapstone slabs, ice flower soapstone, soapstone kitchens, soapstone counters, soapstone kitchen sinks, Los Angeles,Philadelphia,Phoenix,San Diego,San Antonio,Detroit,San Jose,Indianapolis,Jacksonville,Columbus,Memphis,Baltimore,Milwaukee,Boston,Charlotte,El Paso,Washington, D.C.,Fort Worth,Denver,Nashville-Davidson,Portland,Oklahoma City,Las Vegas,Ashville, Bexar, Birmingham, Butler, Centreville, Clanton, Columbiana, Eutaw, Hamilton, Jasper, Lincoln, Oneonta, Pell City, Tuscaloosa,Atmore, Bay Minette, Beatrice, Brewton, Castleberry, Coffeeville, Evergreen, Finchburg, Gilbertown, Gosport, Grove Hill, Jackson, Melvin, Mobile, Monroeville, Peterman, Pine Apple, Tillmans Corner,Albertville, Alexander City, Anniston, Arab, Athens, Boaz, Cullman, Dadeville, Decatur, Florence, Ft. Payne, Gadsden, Guntersville, Huntsville, Piedmont, Rockford, Russellville, Sylacauga, Talladega, Wedowee,Andalusia, Auburn, Camden, Daleville, Demopolis, Dixons Mills, Dothan, Eclectic, Enterprise, Eufaula, Forest Home, Fort Deposit, Georgiana, Gordonsville, Greensboro, Greenville, Holtville, Kowaliga, Lafayette, Lanett, Linden, McKenzie, Maplesville, Marion, Montgomery, Nanafalia, Notasulga, Opelika, Opp, Phenix City, Pine Hill, Prattville, Red Level, Roanoke, Rock Mills, Selma, Shawmut, Sweet Water, Tallassee, Thomasville, Troy, Tuskegee, Valley, Vredenburgh, West Point, Wetumpka, Wing,Atkins, Aurora, Belleville, Bentonville, Bluffton, Boles, Centerville, Clarksville, Danville, Dover, Eureka Springs, Fayetteville, Ft. Smith, Forum, Hector, Hindsville, Huntsville, Kingston, Mena, Rogers, Russellville, St. Paul, Salus, Siloam Springs, Springdale, Van Buren,Bald Knob, Bauxite, Beebe, Benton, Bismarck, Bradford, Cabot, Casa, Cleveland, Clinton, Conway, Coy, Crystal Springs, Donaldson, England, Fairfield Bay, Ferndale, Greers Ferry, Griffithville, Heber Springs, Hot Springs, Jacksonville, Jessieville, Kensett, Little Rock, Lonoke, McRae, Malvern, Morrilton, Nimrod, Palarm, Pangburn, Perry, Pinnacle, Pleasant Plains, Redfield, Scotland, Searcy, Shirley, South Fourche, Springlake, Wrightsville,Arkadelphia, Ashdown, Augusta, Batesville, Berryville, Blytheville, Camden, De Queen, De Valls Bluff, Des Arc, Dumas, El Dorado, Forrest City, Helena, Hope, Jasper, Jonesboro, Magnolia, Marshall, Monticello, Mount Ida, Mountain View, Newport, Pine Bluff, Prescott, Sheridan, Stuttgart, Texarkana, Trumann, Warren, West Memphis, Wynne,Apache Jct., Carefree, Cave Creek, Chandler, Fountain Hills, Gilbert, Guadalupe, Higley, Mesa, Paradise Valley, Queen Creek, Salt River, Scottsdale, Sun Lakes, most of Tempe; east/northeast Phoenix ,Ajo, Benson, Bisbee, Blackwater, Bowie, Casa Blanca, Casa Grande, Cascabel, Coolidge, Douglas, Elfrida, Eloy, Florence, Hayden, Kitt Peak, Komatke, Lone Butte, Maricopa, Maricopa Village, Nogales, Patagonia, Pearce, Portal, Sacaton, San Manuel, San Simon, Santa Rosa, Sasabe, Sells, Sierra Vista, Stotonic, Sunizona, Superior, Tombstone, Tucson, West San Simon, Whitlow, Willcox; Saguaro N.P., Organ Pipe Cactus N.M.,Avondale, Black Canyon City, Buckeye, Circle City, El Mirage, Glendale, New River, Peoria, Sun City, Sun City West, Surprise, Tolleson, Tonopah, Wintersburg; west/northwest Phoenix area,Aguila, Alpine, Arizona Village, Ash Fork, Bagdad, Black Mesa, Blue Ridge, Bonita, Bouse, Bullhead City, Bullhead City North, Cameron, Camp Verde, Castle Rock, Chinle, Chino Valley, Cibola, Clifton, Coconino Plateau, Colorado City, Cottonwood, Dennehotso, Dilcon, Duncan, Eagar, East Kingman, Ehrenberg, Flagstaff, Ft. Apache, Ft. Defiance, Fredonia, Ganado, Gila Bend, Globe, Golden Valley, Grand Canyon, Greasewood, Green Haven, Greer, Harquahala Valley, Hawley Lake, Heber, Holbrook, Humboldt, Hyder, Joseph City, Kaibito, Kayenta, Keams Canyon, Kingman, Kykotsmovi Village, Lake Havasu City, Lake Mohave Ranchos, Lake Pleasant, Le Chee, Leupp, Littlefield, Lukachukai, Many Farms, Marble Canyon, McNary, Meadview, Mesquite Creek, Miami, Mohave Valley, Mormon Lake, Munds Park, Page, Parker, Parker Dam, Payson, Peach Springs, Pima, Pinedale, Pinetop, Pinon Cottonwood, Polacca, Poston, Prescott, Quartzsite, Red Valley, Rock Point, Roosevelt Lake, Rough Rock, Safford, Saint Johns, Salome, San Carlos, Sanders, Sedona, Seligman, Shonto, Show Low, Snowflake, Somerton, Springerville, Supai, Teec Nos Pos, Tonto Basin, Toyei, Tsaile, Tuba City, Wellton, Whiteriver, Wickenburg, Wide Ruins, Wikieup, Williams, Window Rock, Winslow, Yarnell, Yarnell, Young, Yucca, Yuma; Grand Canyon N.P., Petrified Forest N.P., Canyon de Chelly N.M,Galt, Ione, Livingston, Lodi, Los Banos, Manteca, Merced, Modesto, Oakdale, Patterson, Ripon, Stockton, Tracy, Tuolomne Meadows, Turlock, Yosemite N.P,Agoura Hills, (part of) Beverly Hills, Brentwood, Culver City, (part of) Inglewood, LAX Airport, Lennox, Malibu, Marina Del Rey, Pacific Palisades, Playa Del Rey, Santa Monica, Topanga, UCLA (including UCLA Medical Center), Venice, (part of) West Hollywood, West L.A., Westlake Village; southwestern L.A. County,Bell, Cudahy, Huntington Park, Hyde Park, Silver Lake, Vernon, Watts, most of Hollywood, Montebello, and South Gate, and parts of Alhambra, Beverly Hills, Commerce, Inglewood, Los Angeles, Monterey Park, Pasadena, West Hollywood, and other communities,Cupertino, Gilroy, Los Gatos, Milpitas, San José, Santa Clara, Saratoga, Sunnyvale,Brisbane, part of Daly City, Larkspur, Mill Valley, Novato, Point Reyes, San Francisco, San Rafael, Sausalito, almost all of Marin and San Francisco Counties plus a small part of northeast San Mateo County,Alameda, Berkeley, Castro Valley, Crockett, El Cerrito, El Sobrante, Fremont, Hayward, Newark, Oakland, Richmond, San Leandro, Union City; bayside East Bay,Auburn, Cameron Park, Chico, Corning, Davis, Grass Valley, Hoopa, Markleeville, Marysville, Orland, Oroville, Palermo, Paradise, Placerville, Red Bluff, Redding, South Lake Tahoe, Susanville, Thermalito, Truckee, Willow Creek, Willows, Woodland, Yreka, Yuba City,Avenal, Chowchilla, Clovis, Coalinga, Corcoran, Dinuba, Ducor, Exeter, Fresno, Hanford, Kerman, Kettleman City, Kingsburg, Lemoore, Lindsay, Madera, Mendota, Mono Hot Springs, Orange Cove, Orosi, Parlier, Porterville, Reedley, Selma, Tulare, Visalia, Woodlake, Woodville, Kings Canyon N.P., Sequoia N.P,Artesia, Bellflower, Cerritos, Downey, La Habra, La Mirada, Lakewood, (most of) Long Beach, Los Alamitos, Norwalk, Paramount, Pico Rivera, Rossmoor, Seal Beach, Signal Hill, Whittier,Alpine (San Diego County), Boulevard, Campo, Chula Vista, Coronado, Descanso, Dulzura, El Cajon, Imperial Beach, Jacumba, Jamul, Lakeside, (most of) Lemon Grove, (most of) National City, Pine Valley, San Ysidro, Santee, Spring Valley,Alhambra, Altadena, Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Covina, El Monte, Glendora, La Puente, Monrovia, Monterey Park, Pasadena, Rosemead, San Gabriel, San Gabriel Valley,Belmont, Burlingame, Colma, (much of) Daly City, Los Altos, Menlo Park, Millbrae, Mountain View, Pacifica, Palo Alto, Redwood City, San Bruno, San Carlos, San Francisco Airport (SFO), San Mateo; "The Peninsula,Arvin, Bakersfield, California Hot Springs, Castaic, Cuyama, Delano, Earlimart, Frazier Park, Gorman, Lancaster, northern Los Angeles County, McFarland, McKittrick, Mojave, Newhall, Oildale, Palmdale, Rosamond, Santa Clarita, Shafter, Taft, Tehachapi, Valyermo, Wasco,Annapolis, Arcata, Asti, Benicia, Bodega Bay, Boyes Hot Springs, Calistoga, Clearlake, Cotati, Crescent City, Dixon, Eureka, Fairfield, Ferndale, Fort Bragg, Geyserville, Gualala, Guerneville, Healdsburg, Hopland, Lakeport, Middletown, Napa, Orick, Petaluma, Petrolia, Rohnert Park, St. Helena, Santa Rosa, Sonoma, Suisun City, Tomales, Ukiah, Vacaville, Vallejo, Willits, Yorkville, Yountville; "The Wine Country" and north coast,northern Orange County: Anaheim, Brea, Buena Park, (part of) Costa Mesa, Cypress, Fountain Valley, Fullerton, Huntington Beach, La Palma, Orange, Placentia, (most of) Santa Ana, Silverado, Stanton, Villa Park, Westminster, Yorba Linda,Adelanto, Apple Valley, Barstow, Bishop, Blythe, Borrego, Brawley, Bridgeport, Calexico, California City, Carlsbad, Cathedral City, China Lake, Coachella, El Centro, Encinitas, Escondido, Fairview, Fallbrook, Ft. Irwin, Hesperia, Indio, Inyokern, Julian, La Quinta, Lake Isabella, Lee Vining, Mammoth Lake, Mono Lake, Mt. Palomar, Needles, Oceanside, Onyx, Pala, Palm Springs, Pauma Valley, Pendleton, Phelan, Pinon Hills, Ramona, Ridgecrest, San Marcos, Twentynine Palms, Victorville, Valley Center, Vista, Warner Springs, Winterhaven, Wrightwood, Yucca Valley; Death Valley N.P., Joshua Tree N.P.; includes a small part of San Diego itself,Arroyo Grande, Atascadero, Bradley, Camarillo, Cambria, Cape San Martin, Cholame, Fillmore, Goleta, Grover Beach, Guadalupe, Lompoc, Los Osos, Moorpark, Morro Bay, Ojai, Oxnard, Paso Robles, Pismo Beach, Point Mugu, San Luis Obispo, San Simeon, Santa Barbara, Santa Maria, Simi Valley, Thousand Oaks, Ventura,Agoura, Arleta, Burbank, Calabasas, Canoga Park, Chatsworth, Encino, Glendale, Granada Hills, La Canada, La Crescenta, Mission Hills, Montrose, North Hollywood, Northridge, Pacoima, Reseda, San Fernando, Sepulveda, Sherman Oaks, Studio City, Sun Valley, Sylmar, Tarzana, Van Nuys, Woodland Hills, most of the San Fernando Valley,Aptos, Ben Lomond, Big Basin, Big Sur, Boulder Creek, Bryson, Carmel, Castroville, Greenfield, Hollister, King City, Marina, Monterey, Pebble Beach, Salinas, San Ardo, San Juan Bautista, Santa Cruz, Scotts Valley, Seaside, Soledad, Watsonville,Del Mar, La Jolla, Poway, Rancho Bernardo, Rancho Santa Fe, Solana Beach; near northern suburbs of San Diego,Anza, Banning, Beaumont, Big Bear Lake, Calimesa, Canyon Lake, Chino, Chino Hills, Claremont, Colton, Corona, Crestline, Devore, Diamond Bar, Fontana, Hemet, Highland, Idyllwild, La Verne, Lake Elsinore, Lakeland Village, Mira Loma, Montclair, Moreno Valley, Murietta, Norco, Ontario, Perris, Pomona, Rancho Cucamonga, Redlands, Rialto, Riverside, Rowland Heights, San Bernardino, San Dimas, San Jacinto, Sun City, Temecula, Upland, Valle Vista, Walnut, Yucaipa,El Dorado Hills, Fair Oaks, Lincoln, Roseville, Sacramento, Walnut Grove, West Sacramento,southern Orange County: Aliso Viejo, Corona del Mar, (part of) Costa Mesa, El Toro, (most of) Irvine, Laguna Beach, Laguna Niguel, Mission Viejo, (most of) Newport Beach, Rancho Santa Margarita, San Clemente, San Juan Capistrano, (most of) Tustin,Arvada, Aurora, Boulder, Brighton, Broomfield, Castle Rock, Deer Trail, Denver, Englewood, Evergreen, Fort Lupton, Georgetown, Golden, Grant, Greeley, Kiowa, Lafayette, Lakewood, Larkspur, Littleton, Longmont, Nederland, Parker, Roggen, Westminster,Agate, Alamosa, Bethune, Burlington, Canon City, Colorado Springs, Creede, Del Norte, Fairplay, Flagler, Florence, La Junta, Lamar, Leadville, Limon, Monte Vista, Pueblo, Salida, Trinidad, Walsenburg, Woodland Park,Aspen, Berthoud, Carbondale, Clifton, Cortez, Craig, Dillon, Durango, Estes Park, Fort Collins, Fort Morgan, Frisco, Grand Junction, Greeley, Gunnison, Lake City, Loveland, Montrose, Pagosa Springs, Rifle, Seibert, Silverton, Steamboat Springs, Sterling, Telluride, Vail, Vona, Wiggins, Winter Park, Yuma, Mesa Verde N.P., Rocky Mountain N.P,Bridgeport, Danbury, Greenwich, Meriden, New Haven, Norwalk, Stamford, Waterbury,Bristol, Groton, Hartford, Manchester, New Britain, New London, Norwich, Torrington, Vernon, Willimantic, Windsor,Bonita Springs, Cape Coral, Everglades, Flamingo, Fort Myers, Fort Myers Beach, Immokalee, Lehigh Acres, Marco Island, Monroe Station, Naples, North Cape Coral, North Fort Myers, North Naples, Pine Island, Sanibel/Captiva Islands; Collier, Lee, and (mainland portion of) Monroe Counties,Coral Gables, Hialeah, Homestead, Key Biscayne, Key Largo, Key West, Marathon, Miami, Perrine,Cape Canaveral, Cocoa Beach, Grant, Melbourne, Merritt Island, Palm Bay, Port St. John, Titusville,Beverly Hills, Bronson, Brooksville, Clermont, Cross City, Dade City, Eustis, Gainesville, Inverness, Keystone Heights, Lady Lake, Leesburg, Mount Dora, Ocala, Spring Hill, Tavares,western area: Alachua, Branford, Dowling Park, Florida Sheriffs Boys Ranch, Fort White, High Springs, Jasper, Jennings, Lake Butler, Lake City, Live Oak, Luraville, Mayo, Raiford, Wellborn, White Springs,southern area: Bostwick, Bunnell, Crescent City, Daytona Beach, De Leon Springs, DeBary, Deland, (part of) Deltona, Flagler Beach, Florahome, Interlachen, Marineland, New Smyrna Beach, Oak Hill, Orange City, Palatka, Palm Coast, Pierson, Pomona Park, Welaka; special note: the Osteen area of Deltona and the DeBary ,Altamonte Springs, Apopka, Geneva, Kenansville, Kissimmee, Orlando, Sanford, Winter Garden, Winter Park, Yeehaw ,Belle Glade, Boca Raton, Boynton Beach, Delray Beach, Jupiter, Lake Harbor, Pahokee, West Palm Beach; Palm Beach County ,Aripeka, Clearwater, Dunedin, Hudson, Largo, New Port Richey, Palm Harbor, Pinellas Park, St. Petersburg, Tarpon Springs, Tierra Verde,Fort Pierce, Gifford, Hobe Sound, Indiantown, Jensen Beach, Port St. Lucie, Sebastian, Stuart, Vero Beach; Indian River and St. Lucie Counties and most of Martin County,Brandon, Land O' Lakes, Oldsmar, Plant City, Ruskin, Sun City, Tampa, Wesley Chapel, Wimauma, Zephyrhills,Crestview, De Funiak Springs, Ft. Walton Beach, Madison, Marianna, Milton, Panama City, Pensacola, Perry, Quincy, Tallahassee,Arcadia, Avon Park, Bartow, Clewiston, Frostproof, Haines City, La Belle, Lake Wales, Lakeland, Moore Haven, Okeechobee, Sebring, Wauchula, Winter Haven,Baldwin, Callahan, East Palatka, Fernandina Beach, Green Cove Springs, Hastings, Hilliard, Jacksonville, Jacksonville Beach, Julington, Kingsley Lake, Lawtey, Macclenny, Maxville, Middleburg, Olustee, Orange Mills, Orange Park, Ormond Beach, Palm Valley, Ponte Vedra Beach, Port Orange, St. Augustine, St. Johns, Sanderson, Starke, Taylor, Yulee,Boca Grande, Bradenton, Cape Haze, Englewood, Myakka, North Port, Palmetto, Port Charlotte, Punta Gorda, Sarasota, Venice; Charlotte, Manatee, and Sarasota Counties,Coral Springs, Davie, Deerfield Beach, Ft. Lauderdale, Hollywood, Margate, Miramar, Oakland Park, Pompano Beach, Tamarac ,Adel, Albany, Americus, Bainbridge, Blakely, Brooklyn, Cairo, Camilla, Chattahoochee, Cordele, Dawson (Terrell Co.), Fitzgerald, Georgetown, Moultrie, Quitman, Sylvester, Thomasville, Tifton, Valdosta,Atlanta, College Park, Decatur, East Point, Forest Park, Sandy Springs,Dublin, Eastman, Forsyth, Fort Valley, Hardwick, Macon, Milledgeville, Millen, Perry, Sandersville, Swainsboro, Warner Robbins, Wrightsville,Alpharetta, Barnesville, Canton, Carrollton, Cartersville, Cedartown, Chamblee, Covington, Dunwoody, Gainesville, Griffin, Jackson, Marietta, Monroe, Newnan, Norcross, Peachtree City, Roswell, Smyrna, Tucker, Winder; surrounds, but does not include, Atlanta,northern/eastern area: Athens, Augusta, Big Canoe, Braselton, Calhoun, Carnesville, Cave Spring, Cleveland, Commerce, Cornelia, Dahlonega, Dalton, Dawsonton, Dawsonville (Dawson Co.), Eatonton, Elberton, Ellijay, Fairmount, Gibson, Hephzibah, Jasper, Jefferson, La Fayette, Madison, Martinez, Maysville, Monticello, Nicholson, Pendergrass, Ranger, Rome, Rutledge, Sparta, Summerville, Thomson, Toccoa, Watkinsville, Waynesboro, Wintersville, Wrens southwestern area: Columbus, Cusseta, Franklin, Gay, Geneva, Greenville, Hamilton, Hogansville, La Grange, Manchester, North West Point, Pine Mountain, Talbotton, Thomaston, Warm Springs, Waverly Hall, West Point, Woodbury, Woodlandsouth central area: Yatesville,Brunswick, Douglas, Hinesville, Jesup, St. Marys, Savannah, Statesboro, Sylvania, Vidalia, Waycross,Guam,Allison, Anamosa, Aplington, Argyle, Belle Plaine, Birmingham, Brandon, Brighton, Burlington, Cantril, Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Center Point, Central City, Clarksville, Clutier, Coggon, Conesville, Denver, Dike, Dunkerton, Elberon, Ely, Fairbank, Farmington, Fort Madison, Frederika, Grandview, Grundy Center, Guernsey, Hartwick, Hazleton, Independence, Iowa City, Jesup, Keokuk, Keosauqua, Keswick, Keystone, La Porte City, Lisbon, Lockridge, Lone Tree, Martelle, Mechanicsville, Monticello, Morley, Mt. Pleasant, Mt. Sterling, Mt. Vernon, Nichols, North English, Oelwein, Olin, Onslow, Packwood, Parkersburg, Plainfield, Prairieburg, Primrose, Quasqueton, Readlyn, Reinbeck, Richland, Rowley, Solon, South English, Springville, Stanwood, Stockport, Traer, Tripoli, Troy Mills, Urbana, Victor, Vinton, Walker, Washington, Waterloo, Waverly, Wellman, West Branch, West Chester, West Liberty, Winthrop,Adel, Alden, Algona, Altoona, Ames, Buckeye, Clarion, Colfax, Corwith, Dallas Center, De Soto, Des Moines, Dexter, Dows, Earlham, Elkhart, Ft. Dodge, Indianola, Jefferson, Lakota, McCallsburg, Maxwell, Minburn, Nevada, Norwalk, Perry, Pleasantville, Redfield, Rippey, Runnells, Stuart, Webster City, Winterset,Alpha, Arlington, Atalissa, Baldwin, Bernard, Bettendorf, Cascade, Center Junction, Clarence, Clinton, Cresco, Davenport, Decorah, Dubuque, Fredericksburg, Hawkeye, Hopkinton, Lamont, Lawler, Lime Springs, Manchester, Maqoketa, Maynard, Moscow, Muscatine, North Chester, Oran, Oxford Junction, Protivin, Quad Cities, Randalia, Rochester, Ryan, Sumner, Tipton, Worthington, Wyoming,Adair, Bagley, Britt, Buffalo Center, Centerville, Charles City, Clear Lake, Colo, Corning, Creston, Fairfield, Forest City, Garner, Greenfield, Grinnell, Guthrie Center, Hubbard, Iowa Falls, Jamaica, Kanawha, Knoxville, Liberty Center, Linden, Lorimor, Macksburg, Marshalltown, Martensdale, Mason City, Menlo, Milo, Mingo, Monroe, New Hampton, Newton, Osceola, Oskaloosa, Otley, Ottumwa, Pella, Peru, Prairie City, Rowan, St. Charles, St. Marys, Truro, Yale, Zearing,Atlantic, Bedford, Carroll, Cherokee, Clarinda, Council Bluffs, Denison, Emmetsburg, Estherville, Glenwood, Harlan, Pocahontas, Red Oak, Rockwell City, Shenandoah, Sioux Center, Sioux City, Spencer, Storm Lake, western,Beardstown, Carlinville, Carrollton, Carthage, Champaign, Charleston, Clinton, Danville, Decatur, Effingham, Hoopeston, Jacksonville, Lincoln, Litchfield, Lomax, Mattoon, Pana, Paxton, Rantoul, Springfield,Bloomington, Canton, Farmer City, Geneseo, Havana, Kewanee, Lacon, Moline, Monmouth, Normal, Pekin, Peoria, Quad Cities, Rock Island,Alton, Belleview, Belleville, Benton, Carbondale, Carmi, Centralia, Chester, Collinsville, Du Quoin, East St. Louis, Fairfield, Granite City, Harrisburg, Highland, Jerseyville, Marlon, Metropolis, Mt. Carmel, Mt. Vernon, Newton, Robinson, Salem, Vandalia,Aurora, Bartlett, Batavia, Downers Grove, Elmhurst, Geneva, Glen Ellyn, Hinsdale, Itasca, Lemont, Lisle, Lombard, Naperville, Plano, Roselle, West Chicago, Yorkville,Blue Island, Chicago Heights, Cicero, La Grange, La Grange Park, Lansing, Maywood, Oak Lawn, Oak Park, Orland Park, Palos Park, River Grove, Riverdale, Summit, Tinley Park,Crystal Lake, De Kalb, Dixon, Freeport, Harvard, Joliet, Kankakee, Lockport, McHenry, Oglesby, Peru, Pontiac, Princeton, Rochelle, Rock Falls, Rockford, Sterling, Watseka, Woodstock,Arlington Heights, Barrington, Deerfield, Des Plaines, Dundee, Elgin, Elk Grove Village, Evanston, Highland Park, Lake Forest, Libertyville, Northbrook, Palatine, Roselle, Schaumburg, Skokie, Waukegan; Brook, Cedar Lake, Chesterton, Crown Point, Demotte, Dyer, East Chicago, Francesville, Gary, Goodland, Hammond, Hanna, Hebron, Highland, Hobart, Kentland, Kouts, La Crosse, La Porte, Lake of the Four Seasons, Lake Station, Lake Village, Lowell,Medaryville, Merrillville, Michigan City, Monon, Morocco, Mount Ayr, Portage, Remington, Rensselaer, Reynolds, Rolling Prairie, Roselawn, St. John, San Pierre, Union Mills, Valparaiso, Wanatah, Westville, Wheatfield, Wheeler, Whiting, Wolcott;Albion, Andrews, Angola, Arcola, Ashley, Auburn, Avilla, Berne, Bippus, Bluffton, Bryant, Butler, Churubusco, Columbia City, Corunna, Craigville, Cromwell, Decatur, Etna, Fort Wayne, Fremont, Garrett, Geneva (Adams Co.), Hamilton, Harlan, Howe, Huntertown, Huntington, Kendallville, Kimmell, Lagrange, Lagro, Larwill, Laud, Leo, Liberty Center, Ligonier, Linn Grove, Markle, Mongo, Monroe, Monroeville, New Haven, North Manchester, Orland, Ossian, Pennville, Petroleum, Pleasant Lake, Pleasant Mills, Poe Hoagland, Pokagon, Portland, Preble, Reservoir, Roanoke, Saint Joe, Salamonia, Shipshewana, Sidney, Silver Lake, South Milford, South Whitley, Spencerville, Tocsin, Topeka, Tri-Lakes area, Uniondale, Urbana, Wabash, Warren, Waterloo, Wawaka, West Wabash, Wolcottville, Woodburn, Zanesville,Brownsburg, Carmel, Fishers, Franklin, Greenfield, Greenwood, Indianapolis, Noblesville, Shelbyville, Sheridan,Akron, Argos, Atwood, Bourbon, Bremen, Bristol, Buffalo, Burket, Burnettsville, Burrows, Camden, Claypool, Culver, Deer Creek, Dunlap, Elkhart, Flora, Fulton, Galveston, Goshen, Hamlet, Idaville, Kewanna, Knox, Lapaz, Leesburg, Logansport, Lucerne, Macy, Mentone, Middlebury, Milford, Millersburg, Millwood, Monterey, Monticello, Nappanee, New Carlisle, New Paris, North Judson, North Liberty, North Webster, Osceola, Pierceton, Plymouth, Rochester, Royal Center, South Bend, Star City, Syracuse, Tippecanoe, Twelve Mile, Wakarusa, Walkerton, Walton, Warsaw, Winamac, Wyatt, Yeoman,Alexandria, Anderson, Brookville, Connersville, Crawfordsville, Delphi, Frankfort, Geneva (Shelby County), Greencastle, Hartford City, Kokomo, Lafayette, Lebanon, Marion, Martinsville, Mexico, Muncie, New Castle, Peru, Richmond, Roann, Rushville, Winchester,Bedford, Bloomington, Boonville, Brazil, Charlestown, Columbus, Edinburgh, Evansville, Greensburg, Jasper, Madison, Morgantown, Mt. Vernon, New Albany, Scottsburg, Sellersburg, Seymour, Tell City, Terre Haute, Vincennes, Washington,Andale, Andover, Augusta, Bentley, Benton, Cheney, Colwich, Derby, Douglass, El Dorado, Garden Plain, Goddard, Halstead, Kechi, Leon, Mount Hope, Mulvane, Newton, Rose Hill, Sedgwick, Towanda, Valley Center, Whitewater, Wichita,Albert, Allen, Americus, Arkansas City, Atlanta, Beaumont, Belle Plaine, Bronson, Burdett, Burlington, Burns, Burrton, Bushton, Canton, Cassoday, Cimarron, Claflin, Clearwater, Coffeyville, Colony, Conway, Conway Springs, Cottonwood Falls, Council Grove, Devon, Dighton, Dodge City, Dunlap, Durham, Emporia, Fort Scott, Fulton, Galatia, Galva, Garden City, Geneseo, Great Bend, Hanston, Haven, Healy, Hesston, Hillsboro, Hoisington, Hutchinson, Independence, Iola, Jetmore, Kincaid, Larned, Latham, Lebo, Lehigh, Leoti, Leroy, Liberal, Lincolnville, Little River, Lyons, McPherson, Mapleton, Marienthal, Marion, Milberger, Murdock, Neosho Falls, Norwich, Olmitz, Parsons, Peabody, Pittsburg, Potwin, Pretty Prairie, Reading, Riverdale, Rock, Rosalia, Rozel, Scott City, Tribune, Udall, Ulysses, Walton, Wellington, Windom, Winfield,Abilene, Colby, Ellsworth, Garnet, Hays, Junction City, La Crosse, Lawrence, Lyndon, Manhattan, Ness City, Oakley, Oskaloosa, Ottawa, Purcell, Russell, Salina, Sharon Springs, Topeka, Troy,Atchison, Bush City, Edgerton, Kansas City KS ,Leavenworth, Lenexa, Mound City, Olathe, Osawatomie, Overland Park, Shawnee, Tonganoxie, Winchester,Bowling Green, Burkesville, Campbellsville, Elizabethtown, Franklin, Glasgow, Hopkinsville, Jamestown, Lebanon, Madisonville, Mayfield, Murray, Owensboro, Paducah, Princeton, Russellville,Bardstown, Fort Knox, Frankfort, Georgetown, Lawrenceburg, Louisville, Owenton,Albany, Ashland, Brooksville, Corbin, Flemingsburg, Hazard, Irvine, Liberty, London, McKee, Maysville, Middlesboro, Monticello, Morehead, Mt. Olivet, Mt. Vernon, Owingsville, Pikeville, Somerset, South Williamson, Stanford, Stanton, Williamsburg,Berea, Carlisle, Cincinnati Airport, Covington, Cynthiana, Danville, Falmouth, Harrodsburg, Lexington, Mt. Sterling, Paris, Richmond, Springfield, Versailles, Warsaw, Williamstown, Willisburg, Winchester,Albany, Baton Rouge, Donaldsonville, Gonzales, Greensburg, New Roads, Plaquemine, Vacherie,Alexandria, Bastrop, Bossier City, Bunkie, Calcasieu, Ferriday, Grambling, Haughton, Many, Marksville, Monroe, Natchitoches, Oakdale, Ruston, Shreveport, Tallulah, Winnfield, Winnsboro,Abbeville, Baldwin, Crowley, De Ridder, Eunice, Franklin, Jeanerette, Jennings, Kaplan, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Leesville, New Iberia, Opelousas, Sulphur, Ville Platte,Bertrandville, Chalmette, Delacroix, Ironton, Jesuit Bend, Kenner, Lafitte, Lake Catherine, Metairie, Myrtle Grove, New Orleans, St. Bernard, Yscloskey,north shore: Amite City, Angie, Bogalusa, Bush, Covington, Folsom, Franklinton, Hammond, Independence, Kentwood, Lacombe, Madisonville, Mandeville, Mount Hermon, Pearl River, Pine, Pontchatoula,west of New Orleans: Chackbay, Edgard, Galliano, Garyville, Gibson, Golden Meadow, Grand Isle, Houma, Labadieville, Laplace, Larose, Leeville, Lockport, Luling, Montegut, Morgan City, Napoleonville, Norco, Paradis, Patterson, Pierre Part, Raceland, Reserve, Thibodaux Mississippi River Delta: Buras, Carlisle, Magnolia, Pointe à la Hache, Port Sulphur,Adams, Amherst, Greenfield, Holyoke, Northampton, Pittsfield, Springfield, Ware, Westfield,Attleboro, Brockton, Cape Cod, Fall River, Falmouth, Framingham, Hyannis, Marlborough, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Natick, New Bedford, North Easton, Plymouth, Southbridge, Taunton, Walpole, Wayland, Worcester,Belmont, Boston (including Brighton, Dorchester, Hyde Park, Jamaica Plain, and Roxbury), Brookline, Cambridge, Chelsea, Everett, Milton, Newton, Quincy, Somerville, Watertown, Winthrop;Arlington, Braintree, Burlington, Canton, Chelsea, Cohasset, Dedham, Duxbury, Kingston, Lexington, Lynn, Malden, Medford, Needham, Randolph, Reading, Revere, Rockland, Saugus, Stoughton, Wakefield, Waltham, Wellesley, Weymouth, suburbs on all sides of Boston,Andover, Athol, Barre, Beverly, Billerica, Chelmsford, Concord, Danvers, Fitchburg, Gloucester, Haverhill, Lawrence, Leominster, Lowell, Maynard, Methuen, New Salem, Peabody, Salem, Sudbury, Wilmington,Aspen Hill, Bethesda, Bowie, Brunswick, College Park, Cumberland, Frederick, Gaithersburg, Golden Beach, Greenbelt, Hagerstown, Hyattsville, Laurel, Lexington Park, Montgomery Village, New Carrollton, Potomac, Rockville, St. Charles, St. Marys City, Silver Spring, Wheaton, suburbs of D.C,Aberdeen, Annapolis, Baltimore, Berlin, Cambridge, Catonsville, Chestertown, Columbia, Crisfield, Dundalk, Easton, Edgewood, Essex, Glen Burnie, Havre de Grace, Joppatowne, Laurel, Perry Hall, Pocomoke City, Prince Frederick, Reisterstown, Salisbury, Solomons, Taneytown, Towson, Westminster;Acme, Amble, Big Rapids, Cadillac, Casnovia, Cheboygan, Coral, Fruitport, Grant, Howard City, Ludington, Mackinaw City, Manistee, Muskegon, Newaygo, Petoskey, Ravenna, Traverse City,Birmingham, Farmington Hills, Ferndale, Holly, Leonard, (part of) Livonia, Novi, Pontiac, Rochester, Southfield, Troy, Waterford, West Bloomfield, Whitmore Lake; Oakland County,Allegan, Athens, Augusta, Banfield, Bangor, Baroda, Battle Creek, Bellevue, Benton Harbor, Berrien Springs, Bloomingdale, Bridgman, Buchanan, Burr Oak, Cassopolis, Centreville, Climax, Coloma, Colon, Constantine, Covert, Decatur, Delton, Dowagiac, Eau Claire, Edwardsburg, Fennville, Fulton, Galesburg, Galien, Ganges, Glenn, Gobles, Grand Junction, Hamilton, Hartford, Hastings, Hickory Corners, Hopkins, Kalamazoo, Lacey, Lacota, Lawrence, Lawton, Marcellus, Marshall, Martin, Mattawan, Mendon, Middleville, New Buffalo, Niles, Olivet, Otsego, Paw Paw, Pine Lake, Plainwell, Pullman, Richland, St Joseph, Saugatuck, Sawyer, Schoolcraft, Scotts, Sister Lakes, South Haven, Sturgis, Three Oaks, Three Rivers, Union, Vandalia, Vicksburg, Watervliet, Wayland, White Pigeon, Woodland,Dearborn, Detroit, Grosse Pointe, Wayne,Adrian, Albion, Burlington, Charlotte, Coldwater, Corunna, Hillsdale, Howell, Jackson, Lansing, Owosso, St. Johns, Tecumseh,Armada, Center Line, Eastpointe, Mt. Clemens, New Baltimore, New Haven, Richmond, Romeo, Roseville, Utica, Warren, Washington; Macomb County,Ada, Allendale, Alto, Belding, Borculo, Byron Center, Caledonia, Casnovia, Cedar Springs, Clarksville, Conklin, Coopersville, Dorr, Drenthe, Dutton, Freeport, Grand Haven, Grand Rapi